At the same time , some suggestions on enlarging the applying scope of the amendment of provisional regulation on information disclosure of commercial banks , adding the principle of simultaneousness , enhancing the frequency of disclosure and stimulating the internationalization of our country ' s accounting system are also provided 本文在得出结论? ?我国银行业透明度低主要是因为与国际标准不接轨的同时，对《商业银行信息披露暂行办法》的修改提出了扩大其适用范围、增加及时性等原则、提高披露频率与推动我国会计制度国际化等几点建议。
Furthermore , in view of the applied scope of the various risk measurement methods , the dissertation , proceeding from china ' s reality , discusses their present situation , deficiencies , difficulties and measures for improvement . with regard to the risk measurement methods already in application , the dissertation points out the gap between developed countries and china , and explores the specific measures for improvement ; with regard to the risk measurement methods applicable and to be applied , it analyzes their feasibility and difficulty in application and provides concrete methods and procedures for china ' s financial market ; with regard to infeasible measurement methods , it discusses the conditions and key technologies , shows their prospects and the urgency of time , and analyzes the measures and macro financial environment of china ' s risk management 同时，结合我国目前的实际情况，针对各种风险测量方法的适用范围，研究了它们在我国应用的现状、不足、困难、前景及改进措施：对已应用的风险测量方法，指出其与发达国家的差距，并探讨了改进措施；对已能应用而尚未应用的风险测量方法，分析了其可行性和应用的难点，并针对中国金融市场的现实，提出应用之的具体办法与步骤；对尚未能应用的风险测量方法，研究了其在我国应用的条件和关键技术，展现其未来应用的前景和时代的紧迫感，并分析了将之引入我国风险管理的宏观金融环境和必要措施。
In microcosms , there puts forward two basic methods of computing the single item , namely the discrete method and the continuous method . at the same time , there also gives the feature , the applying scope and the computing method of two methods . in macrocosms , there puts forward the meaning , the rules of appraising method system , the decision of appraising method , and the risk evaluating method in some items , and uses the ahp method to evaluate the risk with the case 风险投资项目风险计算方法和项目评估方法研究，微观上提出计算单个项目风险的两种基本方法，即：离散型方法和连续型方法，两种方法的特点和适用范围及其计算方法，宏观上提出建立评估指标体系的原则和意义、体系结构的设计、评价指标的确定和多项目风险评估方法，并结合案例运用层次分析法( ahp法)对项目风险进行评估； 3
There are four requirements for liability for conclusion of a contract : a ) one party violates the previous contract obligation ; b ) the party violated obligation is at fault ; c ) the aggrieved party suffers losses ; d ) there is causality between the behavior which violates obligation and the losses . the form to bear liability for conclusion of a contract is to compensate for losses , and the scope of compensation will be different according to the applying scope . the liability for conclusion of a contract ca n ' t be exempted because of force majeure , bu t when the force majeure occurs , abiding by the principle of fairness seems to be more accordant with fairness , good faith and original intention of legislation of liability for conclusion of a contract 需具备四个构成要件，即缔约人一方违反先合同义务，违反先合同义务的一方有过错，受害人受有损失，违反先合同义务的行为与受害人之损失有因果关系。承担缔约责任的方式是损害赔偿，并因适用范围的不同，赔偿的范围也有差异。但是，不可抗力不可以构成缔约责任的免责事由，当发生不可抗力时，适用公平责任似乎更符合公平、诚实信用及缔约责任的立法原意。
By analyzing all sorts of data involved in the drawing of plane arrangement of the contact net , the paper then presents and realizes the sub - systems of drawing data management , which includes setting up the data structure , programming and managing of the data and provides the drawing data for the whole system used for the later drawing , finally by introducing the concerned theories of the parameterized design explains the similarities and differences and their applied scope of all kinds of parameterized technologies , and by associating with the features of the plane arrangement maps of the railway contact net analyzing size restraint of contact net 它是针对铁路接触网平面布置图的特点来完成选择区间或站场绘制、图纸设定、图型设定、字符高度、图型坐标点、绘图基点和图型数据文件保存路径的设置以及布置图的标注栏和明细表尺寸设置；紧接着通过对接触网平面布置图的绘图中所涉及的各种类型数据进行分析，提出并实现绘图数据管理子系统，它包括建立绘图系统的数据结构，对数据进行编辑管理，向整个系统提供绘图数据，供其后的图形绘制使用；最后通过对参数化设计的相关理论进行介绍，阐述了各种参数化技术的异同点和适用范围，并结合铁路接触网平面布置图的特点具体分析了接触网线路的尺寸约束。
On the base of single service - line - system theory , this paper builds a simulation model of a single firepower unit shooting multiple targets , and analyses it , and gives out the applying scope of it , and testifies its validity by simulating the operational process on computer 摘要在单服务台排队系统理论的基础上，建立了单火力单元对多个目标射击的系统仿真模型，对此模型进行了分析，给出了模型的适用范围，并通过在计算机上仿真运行实例，验证了该仿真模型的正确性。
As i have mentioned above , so far china ' s compensation system for spiritual damages is still imperfect , which is mainly characterized by : the applying scope is too narrow ; a person who can share the right encounters many strict limits ; compensation sum and standard are in lack of u - nity ; etc . according to the dements that exist in the system , i suggest that to perfect it , we should fulfill the following points : first , make clear the definition of spiritual damages and confirm the system by construction ; second , further widen the applying scope of compensation for spiritual damages ; third , reduce the limits that people encounter 针对我国精神损害赔偿制度的缺陷，笔者认为，要完善我国精神损害赔偿制度，应从以下几方面着手:第一，明确精神损害赔偿的概念和从立法上确认精神损害赔偿制度;第二，应进一步拓宽精神损害赔偿的适用范围;第三，请求精神损害赔偿的主体应放宽条件限制;第四，在责任方式上，应该采取财产方式与非财产方式并重的“双轨制” ;第五，精神损害赔偿的标准和数额须进一步明确;第六，应确立刑事附带精神损害赔偿制度。
This paper summarizes the tendency of non - destructive technologies , introduces , the principle , characteristic and applying scope of ndt technologies , then analyses its limitation and prospects in the fields of road engineering , proposes some advices on the development and application of ndt technologies 摘要介绍了目前在路面使用性能无损检测上的最新技术及相关的研究，分析了我国在新型检测设备的应用和相关研究方面的现状与不足，深入探讨了道路工程中无损检测技术应用的局限性及发展前景。
